Book #134: Dave’s Way by R. David Thomas
R. David Thomas
Released: September 25th, 1991
My 64th book for 2025 (and 1st bonus book) was R. David Thomas’ "Dave’s Way".
Funny story, growing up, I had always seen the Wendy's commercials. I never actually made it to a Wendy's restaurant until I was probably 10 years old? The closest one we had to Waynesboro was in Hagerstown, MD. The dining area was the classic style popular in the 1980's with the false wood-tiled floor (the rectangles that alternated in block-size portions), big bright curving sun windows, and fancy looking chairs. Not so much like the ones we have today. Today's restaurants in general have this post-modern look that was popularized by Chipotle, and Quiznos. The classic look was the epitome of late 1980's, early 1990's fast food dining. See what I mean?
Ah yes, the good ol’ days. There’s something too neat about what we have today.
The book details the life of late Wendy’s founder Dave Thomas in his own words. The autobiography tells how he was adopted, discovered a love of restaurants in childhood which led to him getting employed at random places by the age of 12. After a 2 year stint in the Army, he returned to the states where a job opportunity led him to hook up with Colonel Harland Sanders. Dave actually managed KFC for a number of years before a legal dispute ended his tenure. He attempted to work in a fish restaurant before striking out on his own with Wendy’s and cemented his legacy. He started Wendy's on a whim with money he had left over from his KFC days. He spent the next two decades building his empire. He came a long way from an adopted kid to multimillionaire venture capitalist.
While reading this book, I literally stopped reading and drove 10 miles from California to Belle Vernon to get some Wendy’s. That’s the interesting thing about rural Pennsylvania, not many options short of more commercial areas.
I went into the restaurant and informed the girl behind the counter that a book brought me in. She seemed confused so I pulled out my book, and she immediately understood. I rocked the Dave’s Double, a regular double stack, some fries, a strawberry Frosty, and a Coke. The girl was actually the one who recommended the strawberry Frosty. I usually rock vanilla or chocolate. I left pleasantly full and happy.
I think the most fascinating thing I took away from this was the fact that Dave never truly met his real parents. He was the result of a tryst between two completely different people, and they never truly got to see what became of the boy they abandon, or in the other case, likely had no idea about. Usually when someone gets pregnant out of wedlock, it's shamed and frowned upon in society. In this case, Wendy's has become such a staple in the modern world, that it's difficult to picture a world without it. Consider all the people it has helped to support with a paycheck, a job, a career, a livelihood. His mother could have terminated him. The fact that she didn't, gave the world a gift that not only built a legacy, but created something that continues to give even all these years after Dave's own passing.
Here is what I learned:
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- This book is dedicated to Lorraine, my loving wife of thirty-seven years; my five children-Pam, Kenny, Molly, Wendy, and Lori-both as individuals and as that unshakable bond called the Thomas Family; and to the thousands of children who are waiting for adoption and the love of a permanent family.
- The author will donate his profits from this book to the cause of adoption-to help children find loving families.
- Dave has the book written the way he talks, which is sometimes grammatically incorrect.
- At the writing, Wendy’s had over 300 franchisees.
- Dave was adopted as a child.
- In 1940, at the age of 8, Dave Thomas dreamed of owning the best restaurant in the world.
- Wendy’s began in 1969 in Columbus, OH with 3-4 restaurants.
- President George H.W. Bush asked Dave to lead a campaign on adoption awareness.
- His mother Auleva died of rheumatic fever when he was 5 years old.
- Dave prefers the term “adoptive” to “foster”.
- His adoptive grandmother Minnie Sinclair was the strongest influence in his childhood years.
- Minnie was a diehard Republican who was a huge supporter of Tom Dewey.
- She made one of her brothers sleep in a barn for voting for FDR.
- Minnie’s husband died working on a railroad.
- “Hard work is good for the soul, and it keeps you from feeling sorry for yourself because you don’t have time.”
- Minnie drove a Model A Ford.
- Dave’s favorite candy growing up was orange slices.
- Bridge mix is chocolate coated candy that comes in various lumps (raisins, nuts, cream center, or caramel).
- It received its need because it was popular with people who played Bridge.
- “Quality is everything David. Remember that. If people keep cutting corners, this country’s going to be in big trouble.”
- “My grandmother was headstrong, too. She was a modern woman, no doubt about it. She always knew what she wanted and went after it. She believed in herself. From the very start, I knew that a woman could do every bit as much as a man, and sometimes more. That's a lesson I learned from Minnie Sinclair.”
- “In my view, all of us owe a special debt to women in their late forties and fifties. Many of these women have helped their husbands, raised families, and put off their own desires. Now they are ready to get going, to do something for themselves. I have worked with a lot of women like this, and they are fantastic. Men can't touch them in terms of drive, desire, and eagerness to work hard. I want these women to know that they're dynamite, and the business world needs them!”
- Make a lot out of a little, don’t waste.
- Work hard.
- Don’t cut corners or you’ll sacrifice quality.
- Have fun doing things.
- Be strict but caring, too.
- Tackle problems head-on
- Pray.
- Wendy’s hamburgers are square because, “At Wendy’s, we don’t cut corners.”
- Salstrum’s was a restaurant just outside Augusta, Georgia.
- It was Dave’s favorite restaurant as a child.
- Dave’s adoptive father was Red who married 4 times after his mother’s death.
- He was not treated well by them, and he preferred time spent with his grandmother.
- Dave and his father would frequent a hamburger stand in Detroit. Their milkshake was so thick, you needed a spoon to eat it. This was the perfect model which inspired the Frosty.
- When his father married his third wife, he got two stepsisters, but never fit in.
- Look for people who care about you and learn from them.
- Dream early and build your goals on your dreams.
- Learn to rely on yourself early.
- If there are things you don’t like in the world you grow up in, make your own life different.
- Take a step every day.
- Be yourself.
- Dr. Norman Vincent Peale wrote “The Power of Positive Thinking.”
- Free enterprise gives every person, regardless of sex, origin, creed, or color, the chance to do something with their lives and to be a success if they are willing to grind it out.
- Get rid of the “I-don’t-think-I-can” attitude and believe in “I know I can.”
- “A lot of young people have lost faith in the American Way, and I think the only way to win them back is to give them the hard facts about how you can succeed.”
- Don’t think too much about what other people think about you.
- Find something to do that gets you around people.
- Make friends one at a time.
- Look for people who think like you do.
- Get in touch with the feelings that cause you to be shy.
- The United State’s first nuclear reactor was built in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
- Dave’s first jobs included a gas station attendant, golf caddie, newspaper boy, and bowling alley pinsetter.
- While he doesn’t tolerate it in his life, he admits he did once lie to get a job.
- He told a grocery store manager he was 15 instead of 12.
- He was paid 20 cents an hour and a sandwich at lunch.
- When you take a job, you better be ready to show up for work when it suits your boss…not just when it suits you.
- He next worked the soda fountain at a Walgreen’s Drug Store.
- He lied and told the manager he was 16.
- For a part-timer, not getting scheduled is the silent-treatment version of getting fired.
- Dave’s father was furious about him losing both the grocery store and Walgreen’s jobs.
- “I will never lose another job again.”
- He got a job at the Regas restaurant in Knoxville.
- He made $0.25 an hour plus tips.
- He would work the 8pm - 8am shift.
- Frank Regas and his brother George were from Patras, Greece.
- “Work as if your job depends on every single customer, every day, because it does.”
- Once when a drunk began harassing the staff, Mr. Frank took the drunk by the seat of his pants and threw him out into the street.
- “No hard-working man or woman should be called names and treated like a dog.”
- Dave’s father took a job that moved them 60 miles away.
- Dave opted to travel 60 miles by bus one way each weekend during the school year to continue working there.
- Dave rented a room at $7.00 a month to continue working for Regas.
- The Regas Restaurant is still one of the best restaurants in America.
- He admitted to lying about his age, and the owners told him they knew but liked his attitude.
- Make a clean, neat impression—it doesn't have to be fancy-and you take step number one in this business.
- Do everything you can to keep customers happy. Your job really depends on their coming back.
- Set tough standards ("Don't touch the butter patties!") because customers set tough standards.
- Back your employees when the situation calls for it.
- Build your people's confidence. Tell them what they are doing right, and make it easy for them to learn from their mistakes.
- Reward motivation and determination in the people who work on your team.
- Try-really try-and you can do anything you want to.
- He was forced to leave when the family moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana.
- He got his next job at the Hobby House Restaurant on East Wayne Street as a busboy.
- He made $0.55 an hour after his first week.
- It was a short order coffee shop with food.
- He was later paid $35/week for 50 hours.
- He rented a room at the YMCA when his father moved the family away again.
- Dave wrote a paper in 10th grade called “The Pursuit of Happiness.”
- "Do the work you like to do. You maybe could earn more money by being the president of the company, but would you be happy? You would be better off being a truck driver than you would being the president of the company if you like driving trucks best..."
- “Before I ever go into business for myself, I am going to know my business. I am going to start on a small scale and build my business and my experience together.”
- He left school after 20th A and joined the Army.
- Get a Job
- Don’t be discouraged if an early job doesn’t work out.
- Look for things you like, and learn what it takes to have them.
- Try hard work.
- Find people you can learn from.
- Get an education
- Figure out what the bottom is.
- Dave was fired from or quit his first 6 jobs.
- In October 1950, he reported for basic training at 18 in Fort Benning, Georgia.
- He was a life member of the American Legion Post 411 in Dublin, OH.
- Don't be afraid to volunteer.
- Take a little initiative.
- Make your own job bigger.
- Mine the "gold" out of the garbage.
- Find ways to be an entrepreneur.
- Help improve morale.
- Dave struggled with baking.
- He was promoted to staff sergeant at agree 18.
- He was stationed in Germany in 1951.
- There’s always been an incredible amount of waste in the armed services.
- The military can be one of the best places in the world to learn to be an entrepreneur.
- Any place with plenty of rules-rules that sometimes conflict with each other or are hard to enforce will reward people who get around those rules in a way that doesn't harm the organization or the people in it.
- In 1972, 20 investors kicked in $50,000 to launch Wendy’s.
- He went to be an assistant manager at the Enlisted Men’s Club.
- When he started, they made $40/day. When he left, they made $700/day.
- If you are given responsibility with our authority, you cannot do your job.
- First, to be successful, your business has to match what your customer wants... and, in a restaurant, that means your menu better be right on target.
- Second, the key to a successful confrontation is making sure that people believe you have the authority you say you have.
- Third, it never hurts to have the law on your side, if you know darn well that something fishy is cutting into your business.
- In October 1953, he returned to the Hobby House in Fort Wayne.
- He met a woman there named Lorraine and soon they dated.
- They were married in 1954.
- Their first daughter Pam was born in January 1955.
- He helped open the Hobby Ranch House with Barbecue in Evansville, IN.
- Phil taught me that I had the skill of “positive criticism”.
- I taught Phil that he should organize more and be more visible in the restaurant.
- Phil taught me to hustle when things seemed slow.
- I taught Phil that you had to promote and keep creating excitement to build the business.
- Phil taught me that the world was a school
- Phil and his son Dick would travel around and see what other restaurant operators were doing.
- Dave’s son Kenny was born in October 1956.
- Phil met Colonel Harland Sanders at a National Restaurant Convention.
- Neither men drank alcohol.
- Kentucky Fried Chicken was originally a recipe before it was a restaurant.
- Phil wanted to buy it, but Dave was against it.
- Colonel Sanders showed up one day.
- He ate ribs and licked his fingers.
- After trying Kentucky Fried Chicken, Dave admitted he was wrong and they partnered with Sanders.
- Dave personally hates chicken.
- Phil and Dave pioneered the idea of take-out chicken.
- Kentucky Fried Chicken was a turning point in restaurant marketing.
- The snowballing idea of takeover food made packaging real important.
- People liked a person backing up their takeout food.
- Because the Colonel was such a personality, we were able to get him on local TV and radio shows, which led to plenty of free publicity.
- Phil designed a bucket for the chicken.
- Dave Thomas was a former smoker.
- Colonel Sanders hated smoking.
- No good business will go anywhere without high standards.
- Cleanliness is the single most important ingredient on a restaurant’s menu.
- You can criticize people and still leave them feeling finger-lickin’ good.
- The Colonel’s was a perfectionist when it came to fixing his chicken.
- The Colonel’s temper was legendary.
- Don’t retire…age is just a number.
- Do what you want.
- Take a walk on the wild side
- Kenny King died in 1972.
- King owned about 20 coffee shops and burger drive-ins throughout the Cleveland area.
- Thomas eventually found himself managing 4 KFC restaurants.
- In June 1962, the Thomas family moved into their new house in Columbus, OH.
- Dave Thomas bought $10,000 of KFC stock before it went public.
- Colonel Sanders sold his business before it went public.
- His daughter Lori was born in March 1967.
- He paid Phil the $250,000 back and received 40% ownership of the company.
- He had a falling out with the Colonel.
- Get rid of the dead wood in management.
- Paint the place
- Get on top of basic numbers.
- Promote.
- Figure out the business and focus it.
- Identify yourself so the customer won’t forget you.
- To celebrate becoming millionaires, the Thomas’ went out for a nice dinner.
- The only splurges Lorraine ever made was a swimming pool in the backyard in the shape of a chicken.
- Guard your spouse’s “free” time.
- Share authority.
- Think flexibility.
- Keep an eye on the calendar.
- Timing is everything.
- Dave took a job as regional manager of all KFC restaurants east of the Mississippi.
- He was forced to sell his KFC stock to the company when John Brown, the head of KFC coerced him into believing he committed a conflict of interest by buying stock in a company called National Diversified.
- He later found out he was only an employee and not a corporate officer, and committed no wrongdoing.
- He quit KFC and hired F. Lee Bailey to sue KFC and get his stock back.
- He won and received his stock back, minus 10% for Bailey as payment.
- Check it out.
- Figure out what people want you for.
- Cut through the compliments.
- If you go to court, go in style.
- At 37, he found himself out of work.
- National Diversified changed their name to National Fast Foods.
- Dave was the second largest stockholder and took a head of operations position earning a salary of $20,000 per year.
- Dave’s friend Len Immke owned a building in downtown Columbus where former New York Yankees’ star Tom Hendricks once owned a steakhouse.
- He offered the space to Dave to start his own hamburger restaurant for $250/month rent.
- When Dave’s daughter Melinda Lou was born, the kids could not pronounce her name, so they called her “Wenda” which turned into Wendy.
- Dave chose to call his new restaurant “Wendy’s”.
- Dave decided to get rid of sugar cream pie because he kept eating it all.
- Despite preaching to always have a plan, Dave did not have a plan when he first started Wendy’s.
- November 15th, 1969 was the day the first Wendy’s opened in Columbus, OH.
- Dave did a lot of praying over the new venture.
- Wendy’s kept their original menu for 10 years.
- Research isn’t everything. Not long after Wendy’s started, Burger King paid a lot of money for a research study that explained why Wendy’s wouldn’t work.
- People wanted choices.
- People were fed up with poor quality.
- People were adjusting to a new more complicated way of life.
- People were on the move.
- People were ready for an upscale hamburger place.
- Wendy’s invented the pick-up window in drive-thrus.
- Dave opened a 2nd Wendy’s location in November 1970 in a Columbus suburb.
- An organization is able to grow and profit when the key people share in the future, when you tell your people that this is their company, too.
- He opened 2 new stores in 1971.
- Both stores set company records at the time with $10,000 in sales per week.
- In June 1972, they opened their first location outside Ohio. This location was in Indianapolis.
- Are you willing to go open one up?
- Do you know how your personal plan meshes with your business?
- How much will you sacrifice?
- Do you have enough confidence to succeed?
- Are you willing to stay small until you really have it right?
- Are you focused on the right things?
- Do you have a good handle on key expenses?
- Do you know about local or national issues that could help or hurt your business?
- Do you have your suppliers lined up?
- Are all the legal bases covered?
- Are you ready to deal with banks?
- Pay the bills on time.
- Put more weight on the cash balance rather than on “cash flow” and other fancy bookkeeping.
- Learn which banking people you should call on.
- Always take a clear, sensible business plan with you whenever you ask a bank for money.
- Pick a bank with a reputation for standing by its customers. (One who won’t forget you.)
- About 75% of independent businesses fail within their first two years.
- Read everything you can about the franchiser.
- See the business work.
- Talk with other franchisees.
- Learn about the backgrounds of other franchisees.
- Find out what the franchiser does to help communications.
- Study the company’s stand on pricing its franchises.
- Find out what the franchiser has done when a franchisee gets into trouble.
- Learn if there are any additional “hidden” charges you’ll be obliged to pay.
- Consider working for the company before you buy one of their franchises.
- Wendy’s opened 1,000 restaurants its first 100 months.
- Wendy’s was the first hamburger chain to achieve $1 Billion in sales its first 10 years.
- Franchisees should pay a franchiser to have their problem solved, not to be sold a bunch of merchandise.
- It had to be a real hamburger.
- It had to be made fresh.
- It had to be customized.
- And you had to have a nice place where you could eat it.
- Wendy’s uses leftover hamburger to make their chili.
- In the fall of 1979, Wendy’s introduced a fresh garden salad bar.
- In 1983, they became the first national chain to offer a baked potato.
- In 1989, they added the Super Value Menu.
- In 1990, they came out with the skinless grilled chicken sandwich.
- Keep it focused.
- Watch for creep.
- Manage your in-and-out items tight.
- Keep checking to make sure the customer understands who you are.
- Take each key item or group of items you offer and look at the whole picture.
- Check the trends.
- Ray Croc turned McDonalds into a corporation.
- Give your customers fewer problems.
- Next, look straight ahead.
- Don’t bounce your resources around.
- Make the right impression on the customer.
- Behave yourself.
- When Dave ran KFC, a competitor used to sit in a car outside his restaurant daily, while his business went down the tubes.
- In 1989, Wendy’s spent $18 million to renovate their restaurants.
- When Bob Barney joined the company in July 1971 as president of the company, he was first tasked with making the drive-thru window work.
- Barney retired in 1989, but the pick-up window left its mark on Wendy’s and national chain restaurants in general.
- Good operators like the business they’re in, and often their parents were on it, too. That’s especially true in restaurants.
- Good operators like to work hard. They like a fast pace, and they like to feel their adrenaline pump.
- Smart operators today get an education — the best they can.
- Good operators often make it big when they’re pretty young.
- Good operators are rarely happy pushing pencils or playing politics.
- The best operators know how to step on the gas when a concept is hot and bring it up to potential before the competitors move in.
- True operators are really curious about how things are done and want to study everything down to the last detail.
- Don’t make claims for something you really can’t deliver.
- Show a sense of humor.
- Don’t think that a down-home, easy-going ad is either cheap or easy to make.
- Don’t pretend to be an actor if you’re not.
- Talk in a believable way.
- Make sure your customers can recognize you.
- Be controversial.
- Don’t try to please everyone.
- Dave was a member of the Screen Actors Guild and paid his union dues.
- In 2984, the “burger wars” were in full swing between McDonalds and Burger King.
- The main battle was flame broiled vs frying.
- Clara Peller was a retired Chicago manicurist who became an overnight sensation with her now-famous catchphrase, “Where’s the Beef?”
- Harassment is a manager’s biggest responsibility.
- Make sure people trust you.
- Start early.
- Tell people when they’re almost perfect…but do it nice.
- Make ‘em feel guilty when they do nothing.
- Don’t put up with excuses.
- Don’t let up until they go out there and find out.
- Batch things for people.
- Make harassment fun.
- Former L.A. Rams coach John Robinson never criticized his players until they’re convinced of his unconditional confidence in their abilities.
- “Harassment is the family form of love in the Thomas house.”
- Keep the family together.
- Give people more responsibility.
- Keep the home base looking good.
- Help people get started.
- Put your energy where it matters.
- Turn challenges into contests to keep people motivated.
- Don’t treat people like plug-in parts.
- Give people the support they need to succeed.
- Know what you are picking a person to do.
- Don’t make on-the-spot decisions.
- Watch out for braggarts.
- Check people out.
- Test people’s convictions.
- Measure people with the right yardstick.
- Get your point across in a way that gets people’s attention.
- Don’t squeeze yourself out of the talk.
- Make sense to your audience.
- Learn what you stand for.
- Praise troublemakers.
- Lead the parade.
- Take criticism well.
- Criticize each individual in their own special way.
- Always offer a positive suggestion.
- If nothing else works, criticize with your feet.
- Dave once walked out before a radio interview when a DJ verbally abused his assistant.
- Stay focused on the other person, and they’ll stay focused on you.
- Help other people to be taken seriously.
- Don’t use jargon
- Put it in a way that’s natural for you.
- Just get it out there.
- Dave doesn’t believe in abbreviation.
- Spread your giving around.
- Support people who make things happen.
- Give to charities that really put the bucks to work.
- Don’t let yourself be manhandled by a charity
- Look for ways to support education.
- Give first priority to local causes.
- Dave was a close friend of the late comedian Danny Thomas (no relation).
- Dave once golfed with Alabama coach Bear Bryant.
- He once dined at the white house with President Gerald Ford and his wife Betty.
- Dave was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
- He did not know he was adopted until he was 13.
- His mother had been in a home for unwed mothers.
- His mother’s name was Molly.
- Similar to his adoptive mother, his birth mother had also passed away of rheumatic fever.
- He never met his mother, only his grandparents.
- His father’s name was Sam.
- His father had also passed away.
- His father’s cousins mentioned that it was unlikely he knew that he impregnated a woman.
- There are kids who are growing up living in makeshift orphanages made out of converted office space and worse in some parts of this country. That shouldn't happen in the most powerful country in the world.
- Without a home and affection, the chances for making it in this world are mighty slim.
- Children raised out of homes often end up in trouble and as burdens to society. Go check out the welfare roles and the prison rosters if you think I'm wrong.
- If you have had the blessing of a good home life your-self, then you do owe something back.
- The world works on families, it really does. Don't let fear stop you from being an adoptive parent. I wrote this recently for Guideposts magazine, and I really believe it:
"When you do the thing you fear the most, God might well have a pleasant surprise for you." - Minnie Sinclair
- The Regas Brothers
- Phil Clauss
- Colonel Harland Sanders
- Kenny King
- Len Immke
- Norman Vincent Peale
- George Bush
- Don’t just study people who succeed, study people who handle success well.
- Know when to let go.
- Get a sounding board.
- Look at what your success will let you do next.
- After I achieve something, do 1 like to go ahead and do something new?
- Am I willing to commit all my time and energy to an idea?
- Do I have self-confidence?
- Do I like to work with people?
- Am I willing to slice the pie?
- Do I want to be an innovator or a creator?
- 1. Even when things are going good, am I always trying to fix problems?
- Am I always trying to learn from others?
- Do I think there's a solution to every problem?
- Can I rely on my business intuition?
- Know your insecurities.
- Stay encouraged.
- If you get depressed, do something different for a while.
- Never saddle kids with your own ambitions.
- Help other people.
Grandma Minnie’s Lessons For Living:
Dave’s tips for Being a Kid In-Between.
Getting Over Shyness
The Regas Rules for Restaurants:
Dave’s Plan For Making It If You’re Young, Alone, and On Your Own
Dave’s Six Tips On Serving Yourself While Serving Your Country — Or Anyone/Anything Else
His time in the Club taught him 3 things:
Two-Way Teaching in the Phil Clauss Classroom:
Kentucky Fried Marketing
The Colonel’s Recipe for Down-Home Management:
Dave’s Advice to Seniors
Dave’s Six Steps for Bringing Back a Dying Business
Supporting your Spouse
Dave’s Tips on Bumping Bellies With the Big Guys:
The Secrets of Sniffing Around
Go Open One Up - Dave’s Checklist for Getting Into Business.
Tips for Business Banking:
How to Check a Franchise Out
The Wendy’s hamburger needed four special qualities to compete against other chains:
Dave’s Rules on Giving Customers Choices:
How to Win Without Jabbing People in the Eyeballs:
Rap Sheet On A Real Operator:
Dave’s Rules For Making a Good Ad:
Dave’s Rules For Successful Harassment:
Family-Style Management:
Dave’s Yardstick for Measuring People:
Why I Don’t Give Speeches:
Dave’s Tips On Giving Criticism:
Dave’s Two Cents on Talking One on One:
Dave’s Charity Checklist:
Five Reasons Why Adoption Is Dave Thomas’ Personal Crusade:
Dave’s Hall of Fame:
Silver Bullets:
Ten Questions to Ask if You Are Ready to Go Into Business for Yourself:
How to Stay Happy:
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Overall, this is an amazing book, especially if you are an aspiring entrepreneur. Dave gives many great tips and tricks for how to deal with important, and sometimes difficults challenges in life. Well worth the read.
Highest Recommendation, especially for entrepreneurs and people looking for guidance to success.
On to Book #135: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling.



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